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Add the chicken, corn, potatoes, carrots, celery, onion, garlic, and seasonings to your slow cooker. Pour in the chicken broth and stir to combine everything evenly.
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Cover and cook on low for 6–8 hours or high for 3–4 hours, until the chicken and vegetables are tender.
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Remove the chicken and shred it using two forks, then return it to the slow cooker.
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In a small saucepan, melt the butter over medium heat, whisk in the flour, and cook for about a minute to form a roux. Slowly add the heavy cream, whisking until smooth and slightly thickened.
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Pour the creamy mixture into the slow cooker and stir well to combine. Add shredded cheese if using and let it melt into the soup.
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Cook for another 15–20 minutes on low until thick and creamy.
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Taste and adjust seasoning as needed. Serve warm, topped with parsley, green onions, or crispy bacon bits if desired.